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nginx 的平滑升级

1、为什么要对 nginx 平滑升级

随着 nginx 越来越流行，并且 nginx 的优势也越来越明显，nginx 的版本迭代也来时加速模式，1.9.0版本的nginx更新了许多新功能，例如 stream 四层代理功能，伴随着 nginx 的广泛应用，版本升级必然越来越快，线上业务不能停，此时 nginx 的升级就是运维的工作了

nginx 方便地帮助我们实现了平滑升级。其原理简单概括，就是： （1）在不停掉老进程的情况下，启动新进程。 （2）老进程负责处理仍然没有处理完的请求，但不再接受处理请求。 （3）新进程接受新请求。 （4）老进程处理完所有请求，关闭所有连接后，停止。 这样就很方便地实现了平滑升级。一般有两种情况下需要升级 nginx，一种是确实要升级 nginx 的版本，另一种是要为 nginx 添加新的模块

Nginx信号简介

主进程支持的信号

  • TERM, INT: 立刻退出
  • QUIT: 等待工作进程结束后再退出
  • KILL: 强制终止进程
  • HUP: 重新加载配置文件，使用新的配置启动工作进程，并逐步关闭旧进程。
  • USR1: 重新打开日志文件
  • USR2: 启动新的主进程，实现热升级
  • WINCH: 逐步关闭工作进程

工作进程支持的信号

  • TERM, INT: 立刻退出
  • QUIT: 等待请求处理结束后再退出
  • USR1: 重新打开日志文件

3、nginx 平滑升级实战

1、查看现有的 nginx 编译参数

# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

按照原来的编译参数安装 nginx 的方法进行安装，只需要到 make，千万不要 make install 。如果make install 会将原来的配置文件覆盖

# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.16.0/# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --group=nginx --user=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_realip_module --with-stream --with-http_image_filter_module# make

3、备份原 nginx 二进制文件

备份二进制文件和 nginx 的配置文件（期间nginx不会停止服务）

# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx_$(date +%F)

4、复制新的nginx二进制文件，进入新的nginx源码包

# cp /usr/local/nginx-1.16.0/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

5、测试新版本的nginx是否正常

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

6、给nginx发送平滑迁移信号（若不清楚pid路径，请查看nginx配置文件）

# kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`

7、查看nginx pid，会出现一个nginx.pid.oldbin

# ll /var/run/nginx.pid*-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jul  1 11:29 /var/run/nginx.pid-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jul  1 09:54 /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin

8、从容关闭旧的Nginx进程

# kill -WINCH `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

9、此时不重载配置启动旧的工作进程

# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

10、结束工作进程，完成此次升级

# kill -QUIT `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

11、验证Nginx是否升级成功

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

4、升级实验

1、安装配置1.6版本的 nginx，重新开启一台机器

# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel# tar xzf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.6.3# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module# make && make install# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is oknginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx # netstat -lntpProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13989/nginx: master

2、查看版本和模块

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.6.3built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module# echo "nginx1.6" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html# yum install -y elinks

4、访问验证

# elinks 10.0.105.189

5、升级nginx

将 nginx 版本进行升级 并在不影响业务的情况下添加 SSL 和 pcre 模块

# tar xzf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=ngiinx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre# make# cd# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx_lod# cp /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/# mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bak# kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log  error.log  nginx.pid# ps aux | grep nginx root      13989  0.0  0.0  24860   952 ?        Ss   13:55   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginxnginx     13990  0.0  0.1  25284  1720 ?        S    13:55   0:00 nginx: worker processroot      16525  0.0  0.0 112708   976 pts/2    S+   14:09   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

16、nginx 错误页面配置

nginx错误页面包括404 403 500 502 503 504等页面，只需要在server中增加以下配置即可：

#error_page  404 403 500 502 503 504  /404.html;                location = /404.html {                        root   /usr/local/nginx/html;                }

注意：

/usr/local/nginx/html/ 路径下必须有404.html这个文件！！！

404.html上如果引用其他文件的png或css就会有问题，显示不出来，因为其他文件的访问也要做配置； 为了简单，可以将css嵌入文件中，图片用base编码嵌入；如下：

# vim 404.html<!DOCTYPE html><html>    <head>        <meta charset="UTF-8" />        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />        <title>404</title>        <style>            .layout-table{display:table;height:100%;width:100%;vertical-align: middle;margin-top:150px}            .layout-table-cell{display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;text-align:center}            .layout-tip{font-size:28px;color:#373737;margin: 0 auto;margin-top:16px;border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;padding-bottom: 20px;width: 360px;}            #tips{font-size:18px;color:#666666;margin-top:16px;}        </style>    </head>    <body class="layui-layout-body">        <div class="layui-layout layui-layout-admin">                        <div class="layui-body">                <div class="layout-table">                    <div class="layout-table-cell">                        <img 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" class="layout-img">                        <p class="layout-tip">哎呀，找不到该页面啦！</p>                        <p id="tips">请检查您的网络连接是否正常或者输入的网址是否正确</p>                    </div>                </div>            </div>        </div>            </body></html>

展示效果；

转自：知乎千锋云计算学院

2024-05-22

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