2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练 | 第三章 代词
第三章 代词精讲与精练
一、代词讲前练：代词语篇填空训练
What on earth does happiness mean？I can’t give you its exact definition, but I’m sure if you love and help <1>___________, you will get it. I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives in a small house alone.It’s said that her husband and her son died in a road accident years ago. <2>_______life is bitter, but she often helps others with a smile. Whenever it snows, <3>________ is always the first to clean the paths.
She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of <4>_______. I often remember the stories she told us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life is full of laughter and love.
But I’m sad to see some people getting <5>________ happiness in bad ways. They talk noisily in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy <6>__________and they laugh at <7>_______ shortcomings. Perhaps they feel happy at that time, but they will never get true happiness because they have lost their personality already. Now I know <8>_________ happiness is. <9>_________ means kindness,love and unselfishness. Above all, I have come to understand that bringing happiness to others is getting <10>___________ happiness.
Keys:1. others 2. Her 3. she 4.them 5.their 6.themselves 7.others’ 8.what 9. It 10.ourselves
二．代词考点精讲
1. 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词的用法：
含有反身代词的短语有：
be oneself (人)处于正常状态
by oneself 独自地; 单独地
come to oneself
苏醒过来; 醒悟过来; 恢复理性
for oneself 为自己; 独力地; 亲自地
seat oneself 坐下
speak to oneself 自言自语
dress oneself 自己穿衣
devote oneself to 致力于....
enjoy oneself 过的快活
help oneself to 随便吃、随便用
teach oneself 自学
make oneself at home 不受约束
say to oneself 心里想
2.指示代词及疑问代词
1)指示代词主要有：
①近指：this这个，these这些；也可指下文将要谈到的人或物。
②远指：that那个，those那些，也可指上文提到的人或物。
2) 疑问代词(who, whom, whose, which, what等)在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等：
EG:Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡，你喜欢那样？
3）疑问词 + to do：在句中作主语或宾语。
EG:I don’t know what to do with the money?我不知道如何处理这些钱。
3. one，ones, that, those, it做替代词时的用法：
it 可以代替可数名词单数和不可数名词代替同类同物，只能指物。them/they是it的复数形式，代替复数名词one同类异物，代替可数名词单数，表泛指，可以指人也可以指物。ones 是one 的复数，代替复数名词。that用于同类比较中，代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，表特指，可以指人也可指物。
those 是that的复数，代替复数名词。
举例说明
1).Yesterday I bought a new bike. It is blue.(it指前文刚提到的单数名词a new bike,是同类同一事物）
2).A bridge made of stone is stronger than one made of wood（one是单数与前文不定冠词对应，与指代的a bridge是同类非同一事物，泛指）
3).The bridge made of stone is stronger than that made of wood.（that=the one 表示特指与前文定冠词the对应，与指代的the bridge是同类非同一事物，特指）
4).The people who are standing there are those(=the ones) from Japan
(the ones 与those复数特指，与定冠词the people对应）
5).Bridges made of stone are stronger than ones made of wood(ones不定指的复数，与前文的bridges 对应）
小试牛刀：
1. At our factory there are a few machines similar to_______described in this magazine.Key:those/the ones
2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than______ on the small ones.Key:that
3. To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _____of her colleagues.Key:that
4.Look at the bird. ______often comes to my window. Key: it
5.I haven’t got a pen. Can you lend me _________. key:one
4.It 的用法
1）指时间，距离，天气，日期，温度等；
It’s early spring, but it is already hot.
2）当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时；
Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be?
3）作形式主语或形式宾语，代替to do, doing, 或从句；
It is important for us to be cheerful when facing the trouble.
4）用于强调句型 “ It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who... ”
It is years of hard work that made him what he is today.
5)用于固定搭配：
It is a pity/a shame that... 真可惜/丢人It is no wonder that... 难怪......
It seems/appears that ... 似乎/ 好像...... It looks/seems as if/ as though... 看起来好像......
It happens that ... 碰巧......
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起......
It was/will be + 一段时间 + before从句过了/要过多久才......
It wasn’t/ won’t + 一段时间 + before从句没过多久就......
5.other, others, the other和another的用法①.other表示泛指，意为“另外的、别的、其它的”。常与复数名词连用。
Other+复数名词=others
②.others：表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指剩下的全部。如：
Many students are playing on the playground． Some are playing football；others(=other students) are playing basketball．
③.the other：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可后接单数名词。如：
The old man has two sons． One is a worker，the other is a teacher．注意：the others:可表示其余的全部且不止一个。如：
We shall do some cleaning this afternoon． Group One will clean the wall． Group Two will clean the windows． The other students (The others) will sweep the floor．
④.another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”。它可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还”。如：
This cap is too small for me． Show me another (one)．
We need another three assistants in our shop．
6.all和both的用法这两个词都可表示“都”，但all表示三者或三者以上的人或物，both则表示两个人或物。它们都表示肯定意义，但如果它们与not连用时，则表示部分否定。如：
All of them are middle school students． His parents are both teachers．
Both of his parents aren’t workers． All of the students aren’t here on time．
7.neither和either的用法这两个词都可用于表示两个人或物。neither表示否定意义,意为“（两者中的每一个）都不”；而either则表示肯定意义，意为“（两者中的每一个）都”。它们用作代词时，可单独使用，也可同介词of连用。用作形容词时，则可用于修饰后面的单数名词。如：
Neither of them can speak Chinese． Either of them can speak Chinese．
There are trees on either side of the street． There are trees on neither side of the street．
8.few和little的用法①few用作不定代词时，可用于替代可数名词，表示否定意义。表示肯定意义时，则要用a few。此外，few还可用作形容词，用于修饰可数名词。如：
Few students in this school can speak Japanese．
There are still a few students in the classroom．
②little用作不定代词时，用于代替不可数名词，表示否定意义。表示肯定意义时，要用a little。用作形容词时，则要修饰不可数名词。如：
He is now out of work and can earn little money．
I can speak a little French．
不定代词的固定搭配：
one another （三者或三者以上）互相 each other(两者)互相
one ... another... （三者或三者以上）一个....另一个....
one ... the other ... （两者中）一个....另一个....
some ... others... 一些....另一些....
三、代词应考技巧：
1、在语法填空题中，空格处作主语或宾语，考虑是填代词，
①通过句子成分确定填什么代词：
分析句子成分，如果句中缺主语，则可能填入人称代词，指示代词，不定代词或it; 如果缺宾语，则可能填入人称代词宾格；如果主语和宾语是指同一人，则填反身代词。
On my desk is a photo that my father took of _________ when I was a baby.
②通过句式结构判断是否填it
根据句式结构，判断句子是否为it的特殊句式。
I would appreciate ____if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.Key:it
2、在改错题中，重点考虑①代词的指代错误，如女性用了he指代，②主格与宾格的误用，名词性与形容词性物主代词的误用。
四、考点精练
(一)、单句语法填空
1.【2021·全国乙卷】Ecotourism has 63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.key: its
2.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64(I).
Key:mine 句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
3.【2021·浙江高考卷】She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of41（she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Key：herself 句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
4.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. Key:its
5.【2019·北京卷】Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to 3 (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. Key:myself
7. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.key:that
8. The meeting will be held in September, but______ knows the date for sure.key：nobody
9. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?key：it
10. The quality of education in this small school is better than ____in some larger schools.key:that
11. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.
Key：other
12. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but_________contained any useful suggestions.key:neither
13. —Who’s that at the door?—_________is the milkman.key:it
14. A smile costs _______, but gives much.key：nothing
15. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. key:it
16. —When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
—__________. I’ll be in all day. key:Either
17. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in, knives and forks.key:others
18. I’d appreciate ___ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.key:it
19. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making _____________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.key:it
20. I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.key:either
21.【2016新课标I，43题】A few hours before,I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with________(it) choking smog. key:its
22.【2018·全国I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_______showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. Key:that/which
23.【2018·全国I】Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give______a try.Key:it/running
24.【2018·全国II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program______gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.Key:that/which
25.【2018·全国III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive. Key:them
26.【2018·全国III】I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Key:which
27.【2018·浙江】Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ______ can be to eat out. Key:it
(二)、单句语法改错
1.【2021年全国甲卷】Some will turn to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own.
Key: little→few; a little代指不可数名词，a few 代指可数名词。在这里指少部分的学生， 可数名词，故把little 改为few。
our→their 考查代词。On one's own表示靠自己。这里省略主语students, 主语相当于Only a little students， 其后应该是their。故our改为their。
2.【2021年全国乙卷】In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, ............That's our view on housework. Key: our→my
3.【2020·全国卷I】Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into the pan together. ＂Not that way，＂ my mom tried to stop us but failed. Key：us→me
4.【2020·全国卷II】Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
Keys：yours→your / you句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
5.【2020·全国卷III】I tell my mom that if we’re forced to eat things, we may become ill. But he insists on us eating healthy food. Key：he→she
6.【2019·全国卷I】 From then on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. Key:划掉my
7.【2017·全国卷II】Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. key:all→both
8.【2017·全国卷III】Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. key: they→that/which
9.【2017·全国卷III】 When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies....., This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
key: your→my
10.【2016·全国新课标I】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.【our→his】
11.【2016·全国新课标II】If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 【you→our】
12.【2016·全国新课标III】At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.【yourself→myself】
13.【2016·四川】When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.【her→his】
14.【2015·陕西】My soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. 【anything→something】
15.【2015·浙江】 Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.【them→it】
16.【2015·新课标全国I】We must found ways to protect your environment.【your→our】
17.【2015·新课标全国II】Tony was scared and began to cry. A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside the shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.【saw后加his】
18.(【2014·四川卷】Your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.【us→you】
19.【2014·全国新课标II】They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
【They→There】
20.【2014·陕西卷】My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.【Neither→none】
21.【2018·全国I】The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.Key:another→other
22.【2018·全国II】As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us
that playing card games would help my brain.Key:us→me
23. 【2018·全国III】I had done myself homework but I was shy. Key:myself→my
24.【吉林长春2018届高三四模】How do you think of my suggestion? Looking forward to you reply.Key: How→what , you→your
25.【长沙市雅礼、河南实验中学2018届高三联考】We must keep reminding us that it is easier to get into something than it is to get out of it. Key:us→ourselves
26.【湖北襄阳四中2018届高三5月第四次模拟】I was about to give up while my father came to my assistance. Encouraged by her, I restored confidence and stood up again.Key:her→him