高一必修1&2期末复习-干货满满
期末考试即将开启，小伙伴们是不是已经信心满满地接受这场考试的洗礼啦？今天橙子妈妈给大家在考试前再好好的整理一番我们本学期所学的知识点，希望能够对大家有所帮助，有什么问题也可以在后台给橙子妈妈留言一起讨论学习！
一、语法回顾
1.直接引语与间接引语(必修一Unit 1 & Unit 2)
直接引语和间接引语做题步骤：
①判断所给句型为四种句型中之一（陈述句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句和祈使句）
②匹配四种句型的引导词：陈述句由that引导；一般疑问句由if或者whether引导；特殊疑问词不变；祈使句将原句变为ask sb to do或者tell sb to do的形式；
③句型变为陈述句，时态变为相应的过去相关时态，指示代词，时间状语、地点状语和动词变化。
真题巩固
例1 "c lose the door, please!" the manager said to Tom(改为间接引语)
The manager _____Tom ____ ______ the door.（祈使句套句型）
例2“ Are you hot with so manyclothes on?” said his mother. （改为间接引语）
His mother ______ him ______ he _____ hotwith so many clothes on. （一般疑问句）
1.现在进行时表示将来时(必修一Unit 3)
有些动词的现在进行时表示将要发生，常见的有：go, come, leave,fly, move, start, arrive, do
例：I am coming. 我马上就来（将会来）
He is leavingWuhan for Beijing. 他将离开武汉去北京（将离开）
What is Jimdoing on vacation? 吉姆度假打算做什么？（将做什么）
2.定语从句(必修一Unit 4 & Unit 5 & 必修二Unit1 & Unit 5)
定语从句解题要点：①首先纯空格②空格处的作用为连接两个句子（这部分知识不会的可以翻看橙子妈妈之前关于定语从句和名词性从句的介绍很清楚详细），③空格处在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、定语和状语（关系代词充当主宾定的成分；关系副词充当状语的成分。）或者实在不会做的小伙伴就记住，空格处可以由前面句子的某个名词、代词或者一句话来填充补充整个句子的意思。
真题巩固
例1 They will fly to Washington, where（在华盛顿）they plan to stay for two or three days.
例2 I'd like tothank my head teacher Mr. Li, _with_ whose help I have made such great progressin my study.（介词+关系代词）
例3We are living in an age _when__many things are done on computers.
例4 The company was founded five years ago. I worked for the company. （用定语从句合并）（合并定语从句的解题要点：寻找两个句子重复的部分，将其中次要的部分用关系词取代即可）
Thecompany __for_____ ___which____ I worked was founded five yearsago.
3.被动语态(必修二Unit 2 & Unit 3 & Unit 4)
高一阶段主要考察现在进行时态的被动be being done; 现在完成时态的被动have/has been done以及一般将来时的被动will be done,但是小伙伴们一定要做注意的是一般现在和（be done）和一般过去时（was/were done）也是需要掌握的。其中需要注意的就是make sb do sth的被动变成sb will be made to do,记得此时要加上to在中间。
真题巩固
例1 Look! A newstadium __is being built__ (build) here. It will be open to the publicnext year.
例2 In orderto protect the environment, coal _will be replaced_ (replace) by natural
gas some day in the future.
例3 The teamwill rebuild the ancient temple before the Spring Festival.（改为被动句）
解题要点：①划出时态 will rebuild②找出相对应的时态的被动结构will be rebuilt;③将原句的宾语提前（动作的承受者）原句的主语前加by。
the ancient temple will be rebuilt by the team before the SpringFestival.
二、重点句型
1.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。
【解析】While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，这是状语从句省略。
在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where,unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
【典例】
①When(I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.
在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。
②While(I was) waiting, I read newspapers. 我边等待，边看报纸。
【小试牛刀】
1）When first ______(introduce) to themarket, these products enjoyed great success.
2）While______(reach) the book on the top shelf, you need to be very careful.
2....it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚……
【解析】 It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。
【典例】
①Thisis the fourth time she's rung you in a week. 这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。
②Itwas the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。
【小试牛刀】
1)—Have you ever been here before?
—No. This is the first time that I ______ (come)to the Great Wall.
2) It was the third time that I ______ (attend) this kind of lecture.
3.Mother asked her if/whether she wasvery hot with so many clothes on.
妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
【典例】
①Helay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。
②With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。
【解析】with复合结构：
1.)with + 宾语 + 动词ing
With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
2.)with + 宾语 + 动词done
Withthe work done, she felt greatly relieved.
3.)with+ 宾语 + 不定式todo
With her to go with us, we're sure to have a pleasant journey.
4.)with + 宾语 + 形容词/副词
The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights areon).
5.)with + 宾语 + 介词短语
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
【小试牛刀】
(1)—Comeon, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ______(fill) my mind, I almost break down.
(2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______(finish), he gladly accepted it.
(3)Jane received a letter with a beautiful stamp ______(attach) on the envelop.
4. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long thatI’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (Page 2)
【典例】
It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
关键是你的工作能力而不是你从哪来或你是谁。
It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to. 我把这张票给了麦克。
【解析】强调句型”It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 其余部分”。被强调部分可以是原句的主语、宾语、状语、从句。注意：当强调部分是人时，可以把that改成who。
【特殊例子】 It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语”直到...才...”，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took offher dark glasses.
【小试牛刀】
1)It was not until 1920_____ regular radio broadcasts began.
2) It was the boy _____ hadbeen in prison _____ stole the money.
3)It was when she was aboutto go to bed _____ the telephone rang.
4)It was last Sunday__________I gave some old books to the boy in the neighborhood.
5)It is in the farmyard I caught sight of the amber room.
6）They finished thework at 12 o’clock (用It is /was …that..句型强调划线部分)
_______________________________________________________________
5.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe andit would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
【解析】*be＋adj.＋todo在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”结构中,用主动形式表被动意义；如果不定式的动词是不及物的，要在不定式后边加介词。用于这种句式中的形容词常为：easy,difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important,comfortable, pleasant, impossible 等。
【典例】
①Thequestion is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。
②Thatbook is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。
【小试牛刀】
1)Ilike getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________.(breathe)
2)They found the lecture hard ____________(understand) and theyall felt sleepy.
6.insist一词的用法
【用法一】insiston sth/doing sth 坚持要求，坚持要
e.g.We insisted on his apology. 我们要他赔礼道歉。
She insisted on seeing us home. 她坚持要送我们回家。
【用法二】insist that + 从句（should + 动原）坚持某人做某事；坚持做某事（期末重点句型）
The young men insisted that they (should)be sent to the front. 那些年轻人坚持要求被派往前线去。
They insisted that he （should）be present at the ceremony. 他们坚决要求他出席这次典礼。
【用法三】insistthat +从句（用相应的时态） 坚持某种观点，想法，意见
He insisted that he was innocent. 他坚持说自己是无辜的。
【小试牛刀】
1)Seeing that he was so seriously ill, I insisted that he _______(send) to hospital atonce.
2)She insisted on______________(take) to Miami for her summer vacation though itwould cost much money.
3)Jack insisted that he ______ (devote) himself to medicine instead of law.
4)The president made a suggestion that all factories (remove) from the area.
5)Our head teacher requested that we (pack) up all the things before7:00.
6)She insisted that she ___________(组织) the trip.
7....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……
只有到那时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
【解析】only 位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，起强调作用，句子要采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。倒装的原则：把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。（期末重点考察）
真题巩固
例1. People could live a peaceful life only when all the terror ended. (改为倒装句)
解题要点（半倒装即倒装词+一般疑问句）
Only when all the terror ended could people live a peaceful life.
8.Later，CatherineⅡhadthe Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Peters-burg where she spent her summers．
后来，捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
【解析】
1)此句是一个含有关系副词引导的定语从句的主从复合句。主句中的谓语hadthe Amber Room moved是have sth．done结构，该结构中done是过去分词作补语，意为“使某事被做”“让别人做某事”，而不是主语自己做。
2)whereshe spent her summers为定语从句，修饰先行词StPetersburg，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。
【典例】
Ihad my hair cut yesterday．昨天我理发了。
Thisis the place where 1 was born．这是我的出生地。
【小试牛刀】
1）Didyou （让人修你的电脑）yesterday?
2）David （刚剪了头发）, which makes himlook quite different.
3）Thisis the village ___________ we stayed for 6 days.
4）He will neverforget his birthday. He received many presents on his birthday.
（改成定语从句）
_____________________________________________________________________
5)This is our school. Many scientists study in our school. （改成定语从句）
_____________________________________________________________________
9.Anyhow,my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.（注意provide sb with sth短语）
无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
【解析】ofhigh quality在句中做定语，属于of＋n.结构。这一结构相当于形容词。
of＋n.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use,importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些名词前可用great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰，以表示不同程度。
【典例】
The camel is of great help to the Arab.(＝Thecamel is very helpful to the Arab.) 骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。
【小试牛刀】
1)You will find this map of great ______(valuable)in helping you to get around London.
2)Winning the right to hold the Asian Games in2010 is great importance to Guangzhou.
3)The painting we had thought to be great value turned out to be valueless.
10.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. 她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。
【解析】“once＋状语从句”意为“一旦……就……”。
在once引导的状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。
【典例】
Once you remember it, you'll never forget it.一旦你记住它，你就永远不会忘记它。
【小试牛刀】
1.一旦你学会了骑单车，你就绝不会忘记。（用once 翻译句子）
2.你一旦许诺，就要兑现。
_________________________________________________________
3.________you begin, you must keep doing it.
She is so stubborn a person that she has made up her mind,nothing can change
三、重点单词
person n.人→ personal adj.私人的，各自的→personallyadv.本人
hope v./n.希望→ hopeful adj.充满希望的→(反）hopeless adj.绝望的→hopefully adv.充满希望地
recover v.康复，恢复→recovery n.康复，恢复
peace n.平静，和平→peaceful adj.平静的，和平的→peacefullyadv.安静地
entire adj.整个的，完全的→ entirely adv.整个，完全
determine v.下决心→determinedadj.坚定的，有决心的→determination n.决心
loneliness n.孤独，寂寞→lonely adj.孤独的，寂寞的
fair adj.公平的→fairly adv.相当，十分→（反）unfair adj.不公平的，不公正的
frighten v.使恐惧→ frightenedadj.感到害怕的→ frightening adj.令人恐惧的，令人害怕的
devote v.贡献→devotion n.→devoted adj.忠实的，忠心的
guide v.指导→ guidance n.指导
use v./n使用.→useful adj.有用的→（反）useless adj.没用的
extreme adj.极其的→extremely adv.极其
rich adj.丰富的，富裕的→enrich v.丰富
value n. 价值→valuable adj. 贵重的; 很有价值的→valueless adj. 无价值的;
survive v. 继续生存或存在→survival n. 存活; 幸存→survivor n. 幸存者
decorate v. 装饰→decoration n. 装饰; 装潢→decorativeadj. 装饰的; 作装饰用的
advertise vt. 做广告; 登广告→advertisementn. 广告→advertising n. 做广告 (作定语)
replace v. 代替, 取代→replacement n.代替, 取代→replaceable adj. 可代替的;
interview v.n. 面试, 面谈; 采访→interviewee （面试中）受审核者; 被接见者; 被采访者→interviewer主持面试者; 接见者; 采访者
explore vt.& vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险→exploration n.勘探; 探测; 探险→exploratoryadj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的
universe n. 宇宙; 世界→universal adj.全体的; 共同的;普遍的；宇宙的
appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现→appearance n. 出现; 显现; 呈现 外表; 外貌; 外观
power n. 能力→powerful adj. 强有力的; 力量大的→powerfullyadv. 强有力地; 力量大地
appreciate v. 理解并欣赏; 赏识; 高度评价→appreciationn. 欣赏; 感激→appreciative adj. 有欣赏力的; 表示赏识的; 感激的
succeed v. 成功; 做成; 达到目的→success n. 成功; 成就; 成名; 发财; 胜利; 达到目的→successfuladj. 获得成功的; 取得成效的; 达到目的的
perform v. 执行, 履行; 表演→performance n.执行, 履行; 表演; 表现, 行为, 成就→performer n. 表演者; 演出者
attract v. 吸引; 引起; 激起→attraction n. 吸引; 引起; 激起→attractiveadj. 吸引的
devote vt. 付出（时间﹑精力等）;奉献; 献身于某事物→devotion n. 付出（时间﹑精力等）;奉献; 献身→devoted adj.热爱的; 非常忠实的; 全心全意的
四、重点短语
be concerned about 关心，挂念
on purpose 故意
make use of 利用；使用
because of 因为；由于
change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind 下定决心
as usual 通常；照常
at an end 结束
in ruins 成为废墟
as a matter of fact 事实上
lose heart 丧失信心
besentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
come up走近；上来；提出
such as例如；像这种的
play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
because of 因为；由于
care about 关心，在乎
go through 经历；经受
give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交
right away 立刻，马上
instead of 代替，而不
tens of thousands of 数以万计的
be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
out of work 失业,出问题
lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
in return 回报,作为报酬
rather than不是别的，而是……
think highly of 看重；高度评价
take part in参与；参加
stand for stand for 代表；象征；表示
used to 过去常做某事
one after another one after another/theother 一个接一个地
in common 共同的；共有的；共用的
in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说
watch over 看守; 监视; 照看
make up 化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）
pay attention to 注意
die out（指物种）死光；灭绝, 火慢慢熄灭
come into being形成；产生（不可用于被动语态或进行时态）
dream of梦想
break up分裂；解体；打碎；结束
sort out 分类